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SpringBoot中如何实现全链路调用日志跟踪?这方法才优雅!

亿华云2025-10-03 15:52:53【域名】5人已围观

简介MDC介绍 简介: MDCMapped Diagnostic Context,映射调试上下文)是 log4j 、logback及log4j2 提供的一种方便在多线程条件下记

MDC介绍

简介:

MDC(Mapped Diagnostic Context,中何志跟踪方映射调试上下文)是实现 log4j 、logback及log4j2 提供的全链一种方便在多线程条件下记录日志的功能。MDC 可以看成是用日优雅一个与当前线程绑定的哈希表,可以往其中添加键值对。中何志跟踪方MDC 中包含的实现内容可以被同一线程中执行的代码所访问。

当前线程的全链子线程会继承其父线程中的 MDC 的内容。当需要记录日志时,用日优雅只需要从 MDC 中获取所需的中何志跟踪方信息即可。MDC 的实现内容则由程序在适当的时候保存进去。对于一个 Web 应用来说,全链通常是用日优雅在请求被处理的最开始保存这些数据

API说明: clear() => 移除所有MDC get (String key) => 获取当前线程MDC中指定key的值 getContext() => 获取当前线程MDC的MDC put(String key, Object o) => 往当前线程的MDC中存入指定的键值对 remove(String key) => 删除当前线程MDC中指定的键值对 优点:

代码简洁,日志风格统一,中何志跟踪方不需要在log打印中手动拼写traceId,亿华云计算实现即LOGGER.info("traceId:{ } ",全链 traceId)

暂时只能想到这一点

MDC使用

添加拦截器public class LogInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {

@Override

public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {

//如果有上层调用就用上层的ID

String traceId = request.getHeader(Constants.TRACE_ID);

if (traceId == null) {

traceId = TraceIdUtil.getTraceId();

}

MDC.put(Constants.TRACE_ID, traceId);

return true;

}

@Override

public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView)

throws Exception {

}

@Override

public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex)

throws Exception {

//调用结束后删除

MDC.remove(Constants.TRACE_ID);

}

}

修改日志格式 [TRACEID:%X{ traceId}] %d{ HH:mm:ss.SSS} %-5level %class{ -1}.%M()/%L - %msg%xEx%n

重点是%X{ traceId},traceId和MDC中的键名称一致

简单使用就这么容易,但是在有些情况下traceId将获取不到

图片

MDC 存在的问题

子线程中打印日志丢失traceId HTTP调用丢失traceId

......丢失traceId的情况,来一个再解决一个,绝不提前优化

解决MDC存在的问题

子线程日志打印丢失traceId

子线程在打印日志的过程中traceId将丢失,解决方式为重写线程池,对于直接new创建线程的情况不考略【实际应用中应该避免这种用法】,重写线程池无非是对任务进行一次封装

线程池封装类:ThreadPoolExecutorMdcWrapper.java

public class ThreadPoolExecutorMdcWrapper extends ThreadPoolExecutor {

public ThreadPoolExecutorMdcWrapper(int corePoolSize, int maximumPoolSize, long keepAliveTime, TimeUnit unit,

BlockingQueueworkQueue) {

super(corePoolSize, maximumPoolSize, keepAliveTime, unit, workQueue);

}

public ThreadPoolExecutorMdcWrapper(int corePoolSize, int maximumPoolSize, long keepAliveTime, TimeUnit unit,

BlockingQueueworkQueue, ThreadFactory threadFactory) {

super(corePoolSize, maximumPoolSize, keepAliveTime, unit, workQueue, threadFactory);

}

public ThreadPoolExecutorMdcWrapper(int corePoolSize, int maximumPoolSize, long keepAliveTime, TimeUnit unit,

BlockingQueueworkQueue, RejectedExecutionHandler handler) {

super(corePoolSize, maximumPoolSize, keepAliveTime, unit, workQueue, handler);

}

public ThreadPoolExecutorMdcWrapper(int corePoolSize, int maximumPoolSize, long keepAliveTime, TimeUnit unit,

BlockingQueueworkQueue, ThreadFactory threadFactory,

RejectedExecutionHandler handler) {

super(corePoolSize, maximumPoolSize, keepAliveTime, unit, workQueue, threadFactory, handler);

}

@Override

public void execute(Runnable task) {

super.execute(ThreadMdcUtil.wrap(task, MDC.getCopyOfContextMap()));

}

@Override

public Futuresubmit(Runnable task, T result) {

return super.submit(ThreadMdcUtil.wrap(task, MDC.getCopyOfContextMap()), result);

}

@Override

public Futuresubmit(Callabletask) {

return super.submit(ThreadMdcUtil.wrap(task, MDC.getCopyOfContextMap()));

}

@Override

public Future submit(Runnable task) {

return super.submit(ThreadMdcUtil.wrap(task, MDC.getCopyOfContextMap()));

}

}

说明:

继承ThreadPoolExecutor类,重新执行任务的方法 通过ThreadMdcUtil对任务进行一次包装

线程traceId封装工具类:ThreadMdcUtil.java

public class ThreadMdcUtil {

public static void setTraceIdIfAbsent() {

if (MDC.get(Constants.TRACE_ID) == null) {

MDC.put(Constants.TRACE_ID, TraceIdUtil.getTraceId());

}

}

public static Callablewrap(final Callablecallable, final Mapcontext) {

return () -> {

if (context == null) {

MDC.clear();

} else {

MDC.setContextMap(context);

}

setTraceIdIfAbsent();

try {

return callable.call();

} finally {

MDC.clear();

}

};

}

public static Runnable wrap(final Runnable runnable, final Mapcontext) {

return () -> {

if (context == null) {

MDC.clear();

} else {

MDC.setContextMap(context);

}

setTraceIdIfAbsent();

try {

runnable.run();

} finally {

MDC.clear();

}

};

}

}

说明【以封装Runnable为例】:

判断当前线程对应MDC的Map是否存在,存在则设置 设置MDC中的traceId值,不存在则新生成,针对不是子线程的情况,如果是子线程,MDC中traceId不为null  执行run方法

代码等同于以下写法,会更直观

public static Runnable wrap(final Runnable runnable, final Mapcontext) {

return new Runnable() {

@Override

public void run() {

if (context == null) {

MDC.clear();

} else {

MDC.setContextMap(context);

}

setTraceIdIfAbsent();

try {

runnable.run();

} finally {

MDC.clear();

}

}

};

}

重新返回的是源码下载包装后的Runnable,在该任务执行之前【runnable.run()】先将主线程的Map设置到当前线程中【 即MDC.setContextMap(context)】,这样子线程和主线程MDC对应的Map就是一样的了

判断当前线程对应MDC的Map是否存在,存在则设置 设置MDC中的traceId值,不存在则新生成,针对不是子线程的情况,如果是子线程,MDC中traceId不为null 执行run方法 HTTP调用丢失traceId

在使用HTTP调用第三方服务接口时traceId将丢失,需要对HTTP调用工具进行改造,在发送时在request header中添加traceId,在下层被调用方添加拦截器获取header中的traceId添加到MDC中

HTTP调用有多种方式,比较常见的有HttpClient、OKHttp、RestTemplate,所以只给出这几种HTTP调用的解决方式

HttpClient: 实现HttpClient拦截器public class HttpClientTraceIdInterceptor implements HttpRequestInterceptor {

@Override

public void process(HttpRequest httpRequest, HttpContext httpContext) throws HttpException, IOException {

String traceId = MDC.get(Constants.TRACE_ID);

//当前线程调用中有traceId,则将该traceId进行透传

if (traceId != null) {

//添加请求体

httpRequest.addHeader(Constants.TRACE_ID, traceId);

}

}

}

实现HttpRequestInterceptor接口并重写process方法

如果调用线程中含有traceId,则需要将获取到的traceId通过request中的header向下透传下去

为HttpClient添加拦截器private static CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create()

.addInterceptorFirst(new HttpClientTraceIdInterceptor())

.build();

通过addInterceptorFirst方法为HttpClient添加拦截器

OKHttp: 实现OKHttp拦截器 public class OkHttpTraceIdInterceptor implements Interceptor {

@Override

public Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException {

String traceId = MDC.get(Constants.TRACE_ID);

Request request = null;

if (traceId != null) {

//添加请求体

request = chain.request().newBuilder().addHeader(Constants.TRACE_ID, traceId).build();

}

Response originResponse = chain.proceed(request);

return originResponse;

}

}

实现Interceptor拦截器,亿华云重写interceptor方法,实现逻辑和HttpClient差不多,如果能够获取到当前线程的traceId则向下透传

为OkHttp添加拦截器

调用addNetworkInterceptor方法添加拦截器

private static OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient.Builder()

.addNetworkInterceptor(new OkHttpTraceIdInterceptor())

.build();

RestTemplate: 实现RestTemplate拦截器public class RestTemplateTraceIdInterceptor implements ClientHttpRequestInterceptor {

@Override

public ClientHttpResponse intercept(HttpRequest httpRequest, byte[] bytes, ClientHttpRequestExecution clientHttpRequestExecution) throws IOException {

String traceId = MDC.get(Constants.TRACE_ID);

if (traceId != null) {

httpRequest.getHeaders().add(Constants.TRACE_ID, traceId);

}

return clientHttpRequestExecution.execute(httpRequest, bytes);

}

}

实现ClientHttpRequestInterceptor接口,并重写intercept方法,其余逻辑都是一样的不重复说明

为RestTemplate添加拦截器 restTemplate.setInterceptors(Arrays.asList(new RestTemplateTraceIdInterceptor()));

调用setInterceptors方法添加拦截器

第三方服务拦截器:

HTTP调用第三方服务接口全流程traceId需要第三方服务配合,第三方服务需要添加拦截器拿到request header中的traceId并添加到MDC中

public class LogInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {

@Override

public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {

//如果有上层调用就用上层的ID

String traceId = request.getHeader(Constants.TRACE_ID);

if (traceId == null) {

traceId = TraceIdUtils.getTraceId();

}

MDC.put("traceId", traceId);

return true;

}

@Override

public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView)

throws Exception {

}

@Override

public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex)

throws Exception {

MDC.remove(Constants.TRACE_ID);

}

}

说明:

先从request header中获取traceId 从request header中获取不到traceId则说明不是第三方调用,直接生成一个新的traceId 将生成的traceId存入MDC中

除了需要添加拦截器之外,还需要在日志格式中添加traceId的打印,如下:

[TRACEID:%X{ traceId}] %d{ HH:mm:ss.SSS} %-5level %class{ -1}.%M()/%L - %msg%xEx%n

需要添加%X{ traceId}

很赞哦!(29458)